Shear locking in Timoshenko beam finite elements

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5216/reec.v21i1.80417

Keywords:

Beam, Timoshenko, Shear locking, Finite elements, Reduced integration

Abstract

Beam elements are structural elements that present bending and shear forces. Since the strain energy due to shear forces is small when compared to the strain energy due to bending, it is common to disregard it in case analyses of usual structures. However, beams with high height/length ratio, the portion of the energy due to the shear force starts to have a relevant effect and cannot be neglected. In this context, the present work seeks to explore beam finite element formulations based on the Euler-Bernoulli and Timoshenko theories. It is shown that the finite elements formulated from the Timoshenko theory present a numerical locking problem that occurs in the deformation energy portion of the shear force, called Shear Locking in the literature. To overcome this problem, three proposals are described in this work, namely: use of selective reduced integration, Assumed Shear Force Deformation Field (ASCDF) and the formulation presented by Gere and Weaver (GW). The results analysed were the displacements, bending moments and shear forces for a fixed beam with a concentrated load at its end. It was possible to conclude that the shear force locking is solved by the mentioned procedures, however the convergence rate for each formulation occurs differently.

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Author Biographies

  • Guilhermy Félix Santiago , Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil - guilhermyfelix@discente.ufg.br

    Engenheiro Civil pela Escola de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental (EECA) da Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG)

  • Kaio César Borges Benedetti, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil - kaiobenedetti@ufg.br

    Possui graduação em Engenharia Civil pela Universidade Federal de Goiás (2015), mestrado em Geotecnia e Construção Civil pela Universidade Federal de Goiás (2018) e doutorado em Engenharia Civil pela Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (2022). Recebeu menção honrosa no Ali H. Nayfeh Awards (2021) e selecionado para o programa doutorado nota 10 (DSC-10) pela Faperj (2020). Atuou como pesquisador complementar do instituto Tecgraf na Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (2018 - 2022). Fez estágio pós-doutoral na Università Politecnica delle Marche (11/2022 - 08/2023). Atualmente é professor efetivo da Universidade Federal de Goiás (2023). Tem experiência em mecânica estrutural não-linear não-determinística e análise dinâmica global, com ênfase em formulação variacional de modelos de ordem reduzida, métodos analíticos, semi-analíticos e numéricos.

  • Arthur Álax de Araújo Albuquerque, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil - arthuralax@ufg.br

    Professor do Departamento de Estruturas da Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG) desde 2021. Possui diploma de técnico em Construção Predial no Centro de Educação Tecnológica do Rio Grande do Norte (CEFET/RN - 2005), graduação em Engenharia Civil pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN - 2011), mestrado em Engenharia Civil (Engenharia de Estruturas) pela Universidade de São Paulo na Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos (USP/EESC - 2014), doutorado em Engenharia Civil (Engenharia de Estruturas) pela Universidade de São Paulo na Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos (USP/EESC - 2019), doutorado sanduiche pelo Programa PDSE/Capes na University of Glasgow (University of Glasgow - 2017), pós-doutorado na Universidade de São Paulo no Departamento de Engenharia de Estruturas (USP/EESC/SET - 2021).

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Published

2026-06-28

How to Cite

SANTIAGO , G. F.; BORGES BENEDETTI, K. C.; DE ARAÚJO ALBUQUERQUE, A. Á. Shear locking in Timoshenko beam finite elements. REEC - Revista Eletrônica de Engenharia Civil, v. 21, n. 1, p. 81–99, 28 Jun.2026.